Cockpit instruments

The HOLD simulator reproduces the classic IFR navigation instruments. This page describes how they work and how to use them.

Navigation instruments

RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator)

The RMI combines a heading rose and one or two needles pointing toward the selected radio navigation stations.

Reading the RMI:

• The rose rotates with the aircraft's heading — the current heading is always at the top
• The needle points toward the selected station
• The head of the needle indicates the QDM (heading to reach the station)
• The tail of the needle indicates the QDR (bearing from the station)

In HOLD: The RMI displays up to 2 needles (ADF1 and ADF2). A "NAV" flag appears if no station is received on the corresponding receiver.

Compass / Heading rose

The heading rose displays the aircraft's current magnetic heading. It is graduated from 0° to 360°.

• N = 360° (or 0°)
• E = 090°
• S = 180°
• W = 270°

CDI (Course Deviation Indicator)

The CDI materializes a radial or a QDM and shows the lateral deviation from it.

Usage:

1. Turn the OBS knob to select the desired radial
2. The center needle indicates the deviation from the radial:
   • Centered: you are on the radial
   • To the left: the radial is to the left
   • To the right: the radial is to the right

Flight instruments

Bank indicator

Displays the aircraft's lateral bank angle in degrees.

Standard turn (rate 1): 3°/s, i.e. 360° in 2 minutes.

Airspeed indicator

Displays the indicated airspeed (IAS) in knots. Color zones indicate operational limits.

Timer

Essential for time calculations and holding procedures. Functions:

• Start/Stop: Start or stop the countdown
• Reset: Reset to zero
• Rotating bezel: Pre-set a reference time (rotary drag in HOLD)

Control buttons